Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as inducers of ectopic bone growth and cartilage formation, whereas emerging literature reported the multiple functions of these growth factors, including regulating cell growth, differen...

Tendinopathies are generally referred to as conditions including chronic pain and rupture in tendons. Since inflammatory cells are usually absent in the lesion, tendinopathy has long been recognised as a degenerative condition. Accordingly, anti-inf...

Tendinopathy is a common chronic degenerative musculoskeletal condition affecting various body parts, including the Achilles, patellar, rotator cuff, and forearm extensor tendons. The incidence of tendinopathy continues to rise due to an increase in...

Discogenic low back pain (LBP) is a common clinical problem that more than 80% of adults would experience at some point in their lifetime. In addition to pain, discogenic LBP substantially worsens the functionality and quality of life of patients an...

Drink It Or Leave It? A Review on the Association between Coffee Consumption and Bone Health Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverage worldwide. Having a coffee break is relaxing, whereas coffee consumption has been reported to have pote...

The Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Controlling Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis (OA) is an aging-related chronic degenerative disease characterised by the degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix. The disease is one of the mos...

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are major age-related diseases, predominantly contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in women. Osteoporosis is generally characterised by low bone mineral density and bone structure deterioration. A rece...

The Pathophysiological Significance of Neuronal Regulation in Development of Tendinosis Tendinopathy is a clinical condition characterised by pain and swelling in and around tendons, whereas tendinosis is a chronic, degenerative condition with objec...

Smartphone is one of the most popular technological devices among different age groups worldwide and has become an essential part of everyday life. A study recruited 249 adolescents and evaluated the musculoskeletal risks associated with the problem...

The Potential Risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration upon Microgravity Exposure Low back pain (LBP) is one of the disorders with highest health burden globally. The disorder causes limitations in activity and work capacity leading to considerable ...