Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem that an estimated 843.6 million individuals are currently affected by various stages of the disease, whereas the prevalence of CKD is increasing, and Hong Kong is no exception1. Yet, the...

Early Blood Glucose Control as the Key to Preventing and Delaying Progression DM is the leading cause of CKD worldwide. The Hong Kong Central Renal Registry reported that diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for nearly 50% of patients who undergo dial...

The Complication of T2DM with AF Prolonged elevation in blood glucose level would result in various health complications including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and kidney diseases 4 . In particular, T2DM was found to be a strong and independent ri...

Unique mechanism with pharmacodynamic stability In order to achieve recommended glycaemic targets and minimise the risk of hypoglycaemia, low variability in glucose-lowering effect is definitely needed. However, the pharmacodynamic effects of exogen...

Far More than Glycaemic Control Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common, affecting approximately 10% of Hong Kong adult population 1 . Good control to prevent vascular complications from diabetes is one of the key issues to tackle in the long-term manageme...