Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurological disorder with still a debatable aetiology. It affects the central nervous system leading to severe physical and cognitive disability. A hypothesized association between the onset of newly diagnosed MS and history of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been suggested by some recent studies. Further, insulin resistance has been shown to reduce myelin levels in the central nervous system, of which demyelination is one of the hallmark of the disease. Anti-hyperglycaemic medications regulate glucose levels through different mechanisms targeting the immune system and the immunomodulatory profile of each may have certain impact on the pathogenesis of MS.  A retrospective cohort analysis using claims database surveyed patient records for a diagnosis of MS starting 12 months after diagnosis of T2D. The findings of this study were straightforward, exposure to anti-hyperglycaemic medications in T2D patients was associated with reduced risk of newly diagnosed MS in patients younger than 45 whereas the risk increased in those aged above 45, particularly in women. The above have addressed the needs for better understanding of the interplay between endocrine, immune, and nervous systems to smoothen the development and adoption of precision medicine approach for prevention of MS in vulnerable populations.

Reference:

Branigan GL, et al. Heliyon. 2022 Oct 22;8(10):e11196.